Thursday, June 28, 2012
Health nutrition - HEALTH, BEAUTY & FITNESS
Professional, accurate property valuations would be a boon for real ...
While the valuation of real estate is becoming an urgent need to help improve market transparency, the use of this service has not been popular and voluntary.
Viet Nam News spoke to Nguyen Minh Ngoc, lecturer of real estate business at the National Economics University, and Phung Quang Hung, director of the Viet Nam Valuation and Financial Consultancy Co?s appraisal and auction centre, on the issue.
What are the benefits of property valuation?
Nguyen Minh Ngoc: First, real estate valuation generates funding for business activities through mortgage loans from banks. Second, it helps the State and enterprises determine the actual value of properties to carry out business co-operation both domestically and abroad. It is the basis for acquisitions and investments, which are widespread and occur with great frequency. The appraisal has also substantially contributed to equitising enterprises in recent years. In addition, it assists the State in generating income from land and in managing the real estate market.
How about the inadequacies of property valuation and its lack of popularity?
Phung Quang Hung: There are currently two legal documents on real estate valuation ? the Price Ordinance 2002 and the Law on Real Estate Business ? which overlap in the training of appraisers.
In addition, banks make loans secured by 70 per cent of appraised value, while the evaluation results in only 70 per cent of real value. It causes detriments to mortgagers when risks occur in the handling of properties.
In addition, real estate valuation is not popular due to market habits. Vietnamese investors are usually small ones. They make investment decisions by sense and short-term trends rather than appraisers? advice. There will be more risks if investors evaluate by themselves.
Nguyen Minh Ngoc: Social awareness of this kind of service is not comprehensive, making its effects in equitisation, business cooperation or even the evaluation for the needs of housing faint. Meanwhile, regulations on real estate appraisal are missing and somewhat overlapping. The market is still waiting for a clear legal framework to develop. Another issue is that the training of property valuation is too weak. There are not many centres with sufficient capacity and credibility.
How would you assess the objectiveness of banks appointing appraisers?
Nguyen Minh Ngoc: One critical ethical standard of an appraiser is independence, which means he or she takes no financial pressure or power from anyone. If a bank sets up its own valuation department, the unit is still affected by the bank. Even some independent appraisal companies are controlled by the bad sides of the market such as harsh competition and the impacts from people hiring them. Accordingly, evaluation reports are no longer objective.
Viet Nam regulates that appraisal companies must buy professional liability insurance or reserve funds for operational risks. In many parts of the world, appraisers are also asked to purchase professional liability insurance. Only then can clients trust in their services.
What is the greatest difficulty for appraisers?
Phung Quang Hung: It is collecting information. The requirement of market evidence in written form is really tough. Many management agencies currently have no data on housing transactions, so appraisal companies have to compile statistics themselves. Appraisal quality, therefore, depends very much on the ability of appraisers.
In Viet Nam, there are five methods of evaluation, but there is in fact no specific method for a single case. Appraisers should select and combine appropriate methods for each object. ? VNS
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Heat wave: 1,000+ records fall in US in a week
In this photo provided by Coby Baalman, ranch hand Terry Moss walks through a parched corn field Wednesday, June 27, 2012, in wheat stubble that hasn't grown much in the dry heat in Menlo, Kan. Across the country, more than 900 heat records have been broken in the past week. If the forecasts hold, an intense heat wave gripping the center and western portion of the country could mean more will fall. (AP Photo/Courtesy Coby Baalman)
In this photo provided by Coby Baalman, ranch hand Terry Moss walks through a parched corn field Wednesday, June 27, 2012, in wheat stubble that hasn't grown much in the dry heat in Menlo, Kan. Across the country, more than 900 heat records have been broken in the past week. If the forecasts hold, an intense heat wave gripping the center and western portion of the country could mean more will fall. (AP Photo/Courtesy Coby Baalman)
Landscaper Heather Parrott, owner of Neighborhood Gardner, takes a break to drink some water while working on the landscaping at a housing development in Edmond, Okla., Tuesday, June 26, 2012. in Edmond, Okla., Tuesday, June 26, 2012. Parrott said that this year's heat is not as bad as last years's, because it came on gradually, allowing her body to acclimate to it. (AP Photo/Sue Ogrocki)
Volunteers and firefighters from the Dean Creek Fire Department work to save a home south of Roundup, Mont. on June 26, 2012. Hundreds of families were forced from their homes south of Roundup as a fire pushed by strong winds burned more than 18,000 acres. (AP Photo/The Billings Gazette, Larry Mayer)
Robert Rotherham gives carriage mule Miss Pierre a drink in New Orleans? French Quarter on Wednesday, June 27, 2012. Although the mule had just pulled a carriage load of tourists on a one-hour tour, her coat was dry, without a trace of sweat. Still, before Rotherham could board more tourists, their workday was at an end. The temperature hit 97 degrees at 10:30 a.m. Wednesday, and a city ordinance keeps the carriages off the street at 95 degrees or more. (AP Photo/Janet McConnaughey)
In this photo provided by Charlie Wilson, a herd of Red Angus cattle stay close to a watering hole at the Wilson ranch Wednesday, June 27, 2012, near Lakeside, Neb. Across the country, more than 900 heat records have been broken in the past week. If the forecasts hold, an intense heat wave gripping the center and western portion of the country could mean more will fall. (AP Photo/Courtesy Charlie Wilson)
Feeling hot? It's not a mirage. Across the United States, hundreds of heat records have fallen in the past week.
From the wildfire-consumed Rocky Mountains to the bacon-fried sidewalks of Oklahoma, the temperatures are creating consequences ranging from catastrophic to comical.
In the past week, 1,011 records have been broken around the country, including 251 new daily high temperature records on Tuesday.
Those numbers might seem big, but they're hard to put into context ? the National Climatic Data Center has only been tracking the daily numbers broken for a little more than a year, said Derek Arndt, head of climate monitoring at the center.
Still, it's impressive, given that records usually aren't broken until the scorching months of July and August.
"Any time you're breaking all-time records in mid- to late-June, that's a healthy heat wave," Arndt said.
If forecasts hold, more records could fall in the coming days in the central and western parts of the country, places accustomed to sweating out the summer.
The current U.S. heat wave "is bad now by our current definition of bad," said University of Victoria climate scientist Andrew Weaver, but "our definition of bad changes. What we see now will be far more common in the years ahead."
No matter where you are, the objective is the same: stay cool.
___
NIGHTTIME FIREFIGHTING
Wildfires pack intense heat, but soaring temperatures and whipping winds are piling on the men and women battling the blazes raging across the Rocky Mountains.
U.S. Forest Service firefighter Owen Johnson had to work overnight and avoided the piping-hot daytime temperatures in the region, which toppled records in Colorado, Wyoming and Montana. On Tuesday, Colorado Springs reached 101 degrees, and Miles City in eastern Montana soared to 111 degrees, the highest ever recorded in that area.
A call came in after Johnson's regular shift Monday in the Helena National Forest in Montana. A wildfire was racing through the Scratchgravel Hills, threatening at least 200 homes. But firefighters had to wait to pose a direct attack until midnight, when the temperatures cooled and the wind died down.
On Tuesday morning, Johnson figured he had worked more than 24 hours, and probably wouldn't quit until the sun went down.
His sweaty hands gripping a banana and a cup of coffee, he gave a tired shrug when asked to compare this fire to others in his 13-year career.
"Every fire's different," he said. "They all pose their own risks and challenges."
___
PRAYING FOR RAIN
On the treeless, windswept Kansas prairie, the searing mix of sun and triple-digit heat is a recipe for agricultural disaster.
Some residents have taken to praying for rain and cooler temperatures in this sparsely populated western part of the state. Menlo farmer Brian Baalman can testify to that.
"Everybody is just sick of it. They just wish we would get a good rain," he said. "It has become a point to pray for it at church on Sunday, for sure."
Temperatures in the area have hovered around 111 degrees or higher for the past four days, and nine cities in western Kansas broke records on Tuesday.
Only in the earliest morning hours do hardy farmers dart out to ensure their livestock's water troughs are filled and their irrigation wells are quenching parched crops. They quickly return to cooler locales.
Much of the fortunes in the Menlo area are tied to corn crops, whose yields contribute not only to foodstuffs but also to ethanol-blended gasoline. But day after unyielding day of blazing sun and high heat have baked the top six inches of soil, and plant roots can break through to the moister soil below.
"It is getting to look ugly, the longer this keeps going on without a drink," Baalman said.
___
CARRIAGE-FREE FRENCH QUARTER
It was 10:30 a.m., prime time for mule-drawn carriages to cart tourists through New Orleans' historic French Quarter.
But nary a carriage rumbled down the streets ? where it was already 97 degrees ? because of a city ordinance.
"We have to take the mules in when it hits 95," tour guide Robert Rotherham said Wednesday, trying to coax his mule, Miss Pierre, to drink from a trough.
Stabling the carriages meant a glacial-paced day for drivers in a city where, absent special events, summer tourism is traditionally slow.
Tim O'Brien and Lacy Shanks of Kalispell, Mont, were grateful they had caught one of the early tours and glad they didn't have to hoof it. Their visit dovetailed with record-setting temperatures: Tuesday's 102 degrees toppled a more than century-old mark, 99 in 1893.
"It's killing me," O'Brien said.
___
FRYING BACON IN THE SUN
Aaron Anderson and his 4-year-old son bypassed the proverbial cooked egg on Tuesday, opting instead to fry bacon on their driveway in Coweta, Okla.
Anderson's thermometer read 105 degrees around 4:30 p.m., about the same time his son, Aaron Paul, said it felt like his feet were cooking.
Sky-high temperatures aren't unusual in this part of the country, but it is warm enough this week that five records were set on Tuesday.
Anderson preheated the skillet for 10 minutes in the sun, and it took an hour for the meat to fully cook.
And, yes, they ate it.
"My only regret is it was turkey bacon instead of pork bacon, but that's all we had," Anderson said.
___
NOT EVERYONE IS SWELTERING
In the northern corners of the United States, the weather was the opposite of infernal.
It looks like March, not June, in Seattle. People are clad in coats and scarves, using umbrellas to shield themselves not from the bright sun but raindrops.
Tuesday was more than 10 degrees colder than usual, with temperatures hovering around 60 degrees. As of Monday, Seattle had seen almost double the normal rainfall, said National Weather Service meteorologist Chris Burke.
Patty Carlson didn't think she'd need a sweater Tuesday. But there she was, ordering a latte at a downtown espresso shop.
"Take a look around the street," the 30-year Seattle resident said. "Would you guess it's June?"
Meanwhile, New England kicked off summer with 90-degree heat and high temperatures in Vermont and Maine.
But as Mark Twain famously summed up the region's fickle weather, "If you don't like the weather in New England, just wait a few minutes."
Last weekend, a summertime nor'easter, flooding and thunderstorms knocked temps down across much of New England, and temperatures dropped to the 60s in some parts Tuesday and Wednesday.
The yo-yo effect was felt at Ben and Jerry's ice cream stand in Freeport, Maine. One day, customers' ice cream was melting faster than they could eat it. The next, customers trickled away.
"The weather does have a toll on business," said co-manager Carey Lockard.
She has heard Twain's musings; customers often show up at the stand, his words on their tongues.
"It's amazing ? the weather in Maine," she said.
___
Borenstein reported from Washington, D.C.; McConnaughey reported from New Orleans; and Hegeman reported from Wichita, Kan.
Associated Press reporters Manuel Valdes in Seattle, Ken Miller in Oklahoma City, Matt Volz in Helena, Mont., and David Sharp in Portland, Maine, contributed to this report.
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Wednesday, June 27, 2012
Honorary doctorate recipients address Class of 2012 - NOW ...
Distinguished speakers encourage grads to give their all and to give back
This spring, Concordia handed out 5,000 graduate and undergraduate degrees to the Class of 2012. The university also awarded eight honorary doctorates to a variety of outstanding individuals. After receiving their degrees, the honourees addressed the graduates seated before them. They provided insightful lessons and encouragement for the throngs preparing to take the next important step in their lives.
Craig and Marc Kielburger
The first to receive their honorary degrees were brothers Craig and Marc Kielburger, renowned social activists, and founders of the international charity Free the Children and related social enterprise Me to We. The two brothers have received numerous accolades for their tireless campaigns to educate and empower children around the world.
From left to right: Marc Kielburger, Concordia Chancellor L. Jacques M?nard and Craig Kielburger.
Craig spoke on behalf of himself and his brother. He implored Concordia?s arts and science graduating class to think not only about how they will benefit from their post-secondary education but also how it will allow them to help others.
Success, he said, is much more than the title on your business card, or the amount of money in your savings account. One of the most important aspects of success is ?how you choose to become engaged in community service and volunteerism.?
Kielburger congratulated the graduates on all they have accomplished. ?But most important, I congratulate you on all that you will do; those small acts of great love that truly change the world.?
George Springate
George Springate, Canada?s senior citizenship judge, former member of the Quebec national assembly and former spokesperson for the Montreal Police Service, was awarded an honorary doctorate during the convocation ceremony for the Faculty of Arts and Science.
?Not only Montreal, Quebec and Canada need you, but the world needs you,? he told the newly minted graduates. ?And you may be asking yourselves ? are we ready? You?re damn right you?re ready. Can you do what you?re supposed to do? You?re damn right you can.?
The gruff but amiable former football player with the Montreal Alouettes, who has a Grey Cup ring from 1970, explained that the graduates all possess the five most important traits for succeeding and becoming a valued member of society: the ability to make sacrifices, determination, pride, the ability to work within a team, and, last but not least, discipline.
Before congratulating the members of the graduating class, Springate implored them to show compassion to those who don?t share their good fortune.
Graham Fraser
Graham Fraser, Canada?s Commissioner of Official Languages, was awarded an honorary doctorate during the convocation ceremony for the John Molson School of Business (JMSB).
During his address, the acclaimed author, journalist and defender of the language rights of official language communities touted the privileged position bilingual and multilingual graduates enjoy in the workplace and society.
?If you have learned French, you have access to an extraordinarily vibrant, cultural, social and political society,? he said. ?If you have not, it?s not too late, and the very process of learning your second or third language will expand your horizons, increase your social and interpersonal skills and give you new perceptions."
Beyond the importance of acquiring a second or third language, Fraser chose not to impart much advice. Instead, he encouraged the graduates to go out and learn their own life lessons. He recalled being fired from a job, saying it was one of his best learning experiences. ?I learned as much, if not more, from failure as I did from success,? he said.
Darren Entwistle
The current president and CEO of TELUS, and Concordia alumnus, Darren Entwistle received his honorary doctorate during the second convocation ceremony for the John Molson School of Business.
Entwistle encouraged the graduates to strive to become leaders in their chosen fields. ?Canada has a deep, deep need for the future leaders resonant in this room ? who are going to guide our nation?s development in an increasingly complex world,? he said.
But Entwistle also warned the graduates not to let their ambition stand in the way of their humanity. ?Be passionate about giving back to those in need,? he said. ?Volunteer your precious time and your skills towards building healthier, more vibrant and more caring communities.?
John de Chastelain
Addressing the graduating class of Concordia?s Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, retired general and former ambassador to the United States, John de Chastelain remarked that as a history graduate, he admired them for having the smarts to receive a technical degree. ?You here are going to receive degrees that I was never clever enough to get, and I?m in awe of your achievement,? he said,
De Chastelain received his honorary doctorate in recognition of his significant contributions to conflict resolution, most notably in Northern Ireland. During his speech, he spoke of the one thing that came up again and again during his long career as a member of Canada?s Armed Forces and as a diplomat: his tendency to make too swift decisions or snap judgments and not take the time to consider that many issues have many sides to them.
Left to right: Honorary doctorate recipient General John de Chastelain with Concordia's President and Vice-Chancellor Frederick Lowy.
He recalled several incidents when his mind was made up about something, only for him to be pleasantly surprised at the outcome. When he was overseeing the decommissioning of arms in Northern Ireland, people wondered how he could sit down with paramilitary groups responsible for heinous crimes.
?The leaders of the IRA, Ulster Volunteer Force and the Ulster Defence Association, who had been responsible for these acts, were meeting with us because they wanted the killing to end, and they wanted the instruments of the killing to be put aside.?
De Chastelain said it took years of sitting down with the opposing groups to engender enough trust and confidence to achieve that end. ?So the first impressions may not always be exactly right.?
Since they are graduating into a world with innumerable problems, de Chastelain said it might be tempting for Concordia?s newly minted graduates to despair being part of the solution. But he argued that the technological know-how of an engineering and computer science education should serve them well, since so many of the problems demand technological solutions.
?You have gained qualifications today that will make you eminently suitable to meet those challenges,? he said, before encouraging them to try new things even though they may seem risky at first. ?If it?s not the thing you want, change. Hindsight?s 20/20. But it?s about the only thing that is.?
Gaston Kabor?
African filmmaking pioneer Gaston Kabor? may be the first honorary doctorate to burst into a song during a speech to a graduating class at Concordia. He sang a short song in his native tongue from his first film, Wend Kuuni (God?s Gift, 1982), and the crowd at the Faculty of Fine Arts convocation ceremony cheered loudly in appreciation.
Honorary doctorate recipient Gaston Kabor? presents the convocation address to the graduates of Concordia?s Faculty of Fine Arts.
During his address, Kabor? talked about the inspiration behind his filmmaking. He thanked the university for recognizing his efforts with an honorary degree, a gesture which he said touched him deeply.
In closing, Kabor? told the graduates, ?The most important thing is what you have in your heart and your soul. I?m counting on you to go further, and higher, to do better than I tried to do, and I?m counting on you to be the example for me, as I continue to make films, because after all, that?s all I?ve ever learned to do.
Related links:
???Honorary Doctorates for Spring 2012
?? Archived Spring 2012 Convocation Ceremonies
?
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Immune response to heart attack worsens atherosclerosis, increases future risk
ScienceDaily (June 27, 2012) ? A heart attack doesn't just damage heart muscle tissue by cutting off its blood supply, it also sets off an inflammatory cascade that worsens underlying atherosclerosis, actively increasing the risk for a future heart attack. These findings from a study receiving advance online publication in Nature suggest an important new therapeutic strategy for preventing heart attacks and strokes, both of which are caused when atherosclerotic plaques rupture and block important blood vessels.
"We have known for a long time that heart attack patients are at increased risk for a second heart attack or a stroke, and now we know why," says Matthias Nahrendorf, MD, PhD, of the MGH Center for Systems Biology, senior author of the report from a team of researchers from the USA, Canada, Germany and the Netherlands. "The immune response to the infarct -- tissue damaged by lack of oxygen -- can accelerate the underlying disease by actually increasing the size and inflammation of the atherosclerotic plaque."
The study was designed to test the hypothesis that systemic inflammation caused by heart muscle damage would worsen pre-existing atherosclerosis. Using a mouse model genetically programmed to develop atherosclerosis, the researchers conducted a series of experiments showing that experimentally induced heart attacks led to the following:
? increased activity, in atherosclerotic plaques at a distance from the induced heart attack, of enzymes that break down the fibrous plaque cap, possibly leading to future rupture,
? accumulation of monocytes and other inflammatory immune cells in those atherosclerotic plaques,
? increased generation in the spleen of monocyte progenitors, along with changes in the function of those immune cells,
? increased release from the bone marrow of blood stem cells, which traveled to the spleen, triggered by increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
"The ancient fight-or-flight responses to injury stimulate immune cell activities that are involved in wound healing. But when the 'wound' is in the heart and caused by atherosclerosis, that increased activity actually accelerates the underlying disease," Nahrendorf explains. "While most of this work was done in mice, we have hints that something similar may happen in human patients -- for example, we found increased numbers of blood stem cells in the spleens of patients who had died shortly after a heart attack. "
Ralph Weissleder, MD, PhD, a corresponding author of this study and director of the MGH Center for Systems Biology where the work was performed, adds that these findings set the stage for a totally novel approach to cardiovascular disease. Therapies directed to the sites of white blood cell production, including the bone marrow or the spleen, may be able to prevent immune-system exacerbation of atherosclerosis. "This gives us potential new therapeutic targets that we had not thought about before. Clinically, we focus on reducing risk factors such as elevated cholesterol and blood pressure, but not inflammation. We hope our work can help change that," he says.
Weissleder is a professor of Radiology, and Nahrendorf an assistant professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School. Co-lead authors of the Nature paper are Partha Dutta, PhD, and Gabriel Courties, PhD, of the MGH Center for Systems Biology. Collaborators include Filip Swirski, PhD, MGH Center for Systems Biology, and Peter Libby, MD, chief of Cardiology at Brigham and Women's Hospital, where the clinical data were analyzed. The study was primarily supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Massachusetts General Hospital.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- Partha Dutta, Gabriel Courties, Ying Wei, Florian Leuschner, Rostic Gorbatov, Clinton S. Robbins, Yoshiko Iwamoto, Brian Thompson, Alicia L. Carlson, Timo Heidt, Maulik D. Majmudar, Felix Lasitschka, Martin Etzrodt, Peter Waterman, Michael T. Waring, Adam T. Chicoine, Anja M. van der Laan, Hans W. M. Niessen, Jan J. Piek, Barry B. Rubin, Jagdish Butany, James R. Stone, Hugo A. Katus, Sabina A. Murphy, David A. Morrow, Marc S. Sabatine, Claudio Vinegoni, Michael A. Moskowitz, Mikael J. Pittet, Peter Libby, Charles P. Lin, Filip K. Swirski, Ralph Weissleder, Matthias Nahrendorf. Myocardial infarction accelerates atherosclerosis. Nature, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/nature11260
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
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London businesses fret about disruption
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Caltech scientists find new primitive mineral in meteorite
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Public release date: 26-Jun-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Deborah Williams-Hedges
debwms@caltech.edu
626-395-3227
California Institute of Technology
PASADENA, Calif.In 1969, an exploding fireball tore through the sky over Mexico, scattering thousands of pieces of meteorite across the state of Chihuahua. More than 40 years later, the Allende meteorite is still serving the scientific community as a rich source of information about the early stages of our solar system's evolution. Recently, scientists from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) discovered a new mineral embedded in the space rockone they believe to be among the oldest minerals formed in the solar system.
Dubbed panguite, the new titanium oxide is named after Pan Gu, the giant from ancient Chinese mythology who established the world by separating yin from yang to create the earth and the sky. The mineral and the mineral name have been approved by the International Mineralogical Association's Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. A paper outlining the discovery and the properties of this new mineral will be published in the July issue of the journal American Mineralogist, and is available online now.
"Panguite is an especially exciting discovery since it is not only a new mineral, but also a material previously unknown to science," says Chi Ma, a senior scientist and director of the Geological and Planetary Sciences division's Analytical Facility at Caltech and corresponding author on the paper.
The Allende meteorite is the largest carbonaceous chondritea diverse class of primitive meteoritesever found on our planet and is considered by many the best-studied meteorite in history. As a result of an ongoing nanomineralogy investigation of primitive meteoriteswhich Ma has been leading since 2007nine new minerals, including panguite, have been found in the Allende meteorite. Some of those new finds include the minerals allendeite, hexamolybdenum, tistarite, and kangite. Nanomineralogy looks at tiny particles of minerals and the minuscule features within those minerals.
"The intensive studies of objects in this meteorite have had a tremendous influence on current thinking about processes, timing, and chemistry in the primitive solar nebula and small planetary bodies," says coauthor George Rossman, the Eleanor and John R. McMillan Professor of Mineralogy at Caltech.
Panguite was observed first under a scanning electron microscope in an ultra-refractory inclusion embedded in the meteorite. Refractory inclusions are among the first solid objects formed in our solar system, dating back to before the formation of Earth and the other planets. "Refractory" refers to the fact that these inclusions contain minerals that are stable at high temperatures and in extreme environments, which attests to their likely formation as primitive, high-temperature liquids produced by the solar nebula.
According to Ma, studies of panguite and other newly discovered refractory minerals are continuing in an effort to learn more about the conditions under which they formed and subsequently evolved. "Such investigations are essential to understand the origins of our solar system," he says.
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Additional authors on the American Mineralogist paper, "Panguite, (Ti4+,Sc,Al,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3, a new ultra-refractory titania mineral from the Allende meteorite: Synchrotron micro-diffraction and EBSD," are John R. Beckett, senior research scientist at Caltech; Oliver Tschauner from the University of NevadaLas Vegas; and Wenjun Liu from the Argonne National Laboratory. The study was supported through grants from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and NASA's Office of Space Science.
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Public release date: 26-Jun-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Deborah Williams-Hedges
debwms@caltech.edu
626-395-3227
California Institute of Technology
PASADENA, Calif.In 1969, an exploding fireball tore through the sky over Mexico, scattering thousands of pieces of meteorite across the state of Chihuahua. More than 40 years later, the Allende meteorite is still serving the scientific community as a rich source of information about the early stages of our solar system's evolution. Recently, scientists from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) discovered a new mineral embedded in the space rockone they believe to be among the oldest minerals formed in the solar system.
Dubbed panguite, the new titanium oxide is named after Pan Gu, the giant from ancient Chinese mythology who established the world by separating yin from yang to create the earth and the sky. The mineral and the mineral name have been approved by the International Mineralogical Association's Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. A paper outlining the discovery and the properties of this new mineral will be published in the July issue of the journal American Mineralogist, and is available online now.
"Panguite is an especially exciting discovery since it is not only a new mineral, but also a material previously unknown to science," says Chi Ma, a senior scientist and director of the Geological and Planetary Sciences division's Analytical Facility at Caltech and corresponding author on the paper.
The Allende meteorite is the largest carbonaceous chondritea diverse class of primitive meteoritesever found on our planet and is considered by many the best-studied meteorite in history. As a result of an ongoing nanomineralogy investigation of primitive meteoriteswhich Ma has been leading since 2007nine new minerals, including panguite, have been found in the Allende meteorite. Some of those new finds include the minerals allendeite, hexamolybdenum, tistarite, and kangite. Nanomineralogy looks at tiny particles of minerals and the minuscule features within those minerals.
"The intensive studies of objects in this meteorite have had a tremendous influence on current thinking about processes, timing, and chemistry in the primitive solar nebula and small planetary bodies," says coauthor George Rossman, the Eleanor and John R. McMillan Professor of Mineralogy at Caltech.
Panguite was observed first under a scanning electron microscope in an ultra-refractory inclusion embedded in the meteorite. Refractory inclusions are among the first solid objects formed in our solar system, dating back to before the formation of Earth and the other planets. "Refractory" refers to the fact that these inclusions contain minerals that are stable at high temperatures and in extreme environments, which attests to their likely formation as primitive, high-temperature liquids produced by the solar nebula.
According to Ma, studies of panguite and other newly discovered refractory minerals are continuing in an effort to learn more about the conditions under which they formed and subsequently evolved. "Such investigations are essential to understand the origins of our solar system," he says.
###
Additional authors on the American Mineralogist paper, "Panguite, (Ti4+,Sc,Al,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3, a new ultra-refractory titania mineral from the Allende meteorite: Synchrotron micro-diffraction and EBSD," are John R. Beckett, senior research scientist at Caltech; Oliver Tschauner from the University of NevadaLas Vegas; and Wenjun Liu from the Argonne National Laboratory. The study was supported through grants from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and NASA's Office of Space Science.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
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